International Sports Sciences Association (ISSA) Trainer Practice Exam 2026 - Free Trainer Practice Questions and Study Guide

Hormones play a key role in regulating various physiological processes, and one of their critical functions is to alter the rate of protein synthesis in the body. This regulation happens through several hormonal pathways, influencing factors such as muscle growth, repair, and overall metabolic activity.

For example, hormones like insulin and testosterone promote the uptake of amino acids into cells and stimulate the initiation and acceleration of the protein synthesis process. Conversely, hormones such as cortisol can inhibit protein synthesis under certain conditions, especially during stress. This dynamic means that hormones can significantly influence the balance between protein breakdown and synthesis, impacting muscle development, recovery, and overall metabolic health.

The ability of hormones to modulate protein synthesis makes them essential in exercise physiology, nutrition, and overall health, contributing to the adaptation of the body in response to training, recovery, and dietary changes.